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دانلود مقاله ISI با ترجمه فارسی :تکامل بازیابی ، به صورت مفهومی
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دانلود مقاله ISI با ترجمه فارسی چالش های یکپارچه سازی آیند ه نگری و ...
and social productivity, and it is essential to grasp the future trends of social needs and technology
advancement to promote the strategic technology policy. Japan embarked on technology foresight in
the early 1970s and has since been conducting a regular Delphi survey approximately every 5 years.
To explore a new intelligent methodology for integrating technological seeds and social needs by
articulating future demands, this paper reviews the following two cases: the Delphi-scenario writing
(DSW) method, which is applied in 1977 for the home/office small facsimile, and the method of
general assessment applied in 1972 for informationalization, which focused on the rapidly advancing
information society, with a matrix scoring and policy-simulation method. Those new approaches were
comprehensive understanding of the emerging technologies and their social impacts in the form of
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enhancing the future innovation system.
D 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Delphi-scenario writing method; General assessment method; Demand articulation; Informationalization
0040-1625/$ – see front matter D 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S0040-1625(02)00397-9
* Corresponding author. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Tatsunokuchi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
E-mail addresses: kameoka@jaist.ac.jp (A. Kameoka), yokoo@nistep.go.jp (Y. Yokoo),
kuwahara@nistep.go.jp (T. Kuwahara).
URLs: http://www.jaist.ac.jp, http://www.nistep.go.jp.
Technological Forecasting & Social Change
71 (2004) 579–598
1. Introduction
مقاله ISI با ترجمه فارسی بهینه سازی پارامترهای فراوری شکلات در اسیاب گلوله ...
as factors. The experimental variables measured were chosen from the main characteristics that describe unmoulded chocolate. A complete
second-order model was fitted to the experimental data. The most significant coefficients were that of energy consumption, iron
content and particle size. Optimization consists in a bound minimization of refining time using the desirability function. Before experiments,
working conditions were 70 rpm for as and 55 min for rt. The optimum conditions calculated by optimization were as follows:
58 rpm for as and 38.5 min for rt. The new working conditions identified for the ball mill considered enabled to rise output from 109 kg/h
to 156 kg/h, with a 43% increase in productivity. A control experiment carried out in the optimized conditions to corroborate the results
obtained, confirmed calculated expectations of response variables.
Keywords: Chocolate; Ball mill refiner; Experimental design; Optimization; Desirability function
1. Introduction
The current European legislation (Dir. 2000/36/CE; UE,
cocoa products and sugars, which contains not less than
35% total dry cocoa solids, including not less than 18%
cocoa butter and not less than 14% dry non-fat cocoa
solids.
The most traditional methods of chocolate-making are
based on the mixing of ingredients, grinding by roll refiners
(refining phase), conching, and tempering. Above all, conching
is carried out in order to remove moisture and undesirable
flavours while developing the pleasant ones. In
addition, since the previous grinding process will have created
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phase coats these new surfaces and improves the flow
properties (Beckett, 1999). The tempering process is a technique
of controlled crystallization that is necessary to
induce the most stable solid form of cocoa butter (which
is a polymorphic fat) in the finished product (Talbot,
1999). Chocolate refining depends on product type (milk,
dark or compound), on process (crumb vs. milk powder)
and on ingredients (granulated or powder sugar). Grinding
operations may be evaluated on the basis of their costs
(capital, maintenance and energy) and the characteristics
with which they provide the product (particle size distribution,
particle shape and minimization of contamination).
The choice of equipment for size reduction depends on
دانلود مقاله ISI با ترجمه فارسی محرکه و مدل سازی برنامه زمان اجرا
دانلود مقاله ISI با ترجمه فارسی :محرکه و مدل سازی برنامه زمان اجرا
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